Macdanta zinc-ka ee oxidized lead-ka (cerussite, anglesite, smithsonite, hemimorphite, iwm.) waxay leeyihiin dusha sare ee hydrophilic mana lagu dul saari karo xanthate collectors. Ku darista sodium sulphide sulphide waxay macdanta ka dhigtaa mid jilicsan, taasoo suurtogalinaysa nuugista xanthates-ka. Marka laga reebo sulphidization iyo firfircoonida, sodium sulphide waxay sidoo kale bixisaa niyad-jab xulasho ah, hagaajinta pH-ka saxarka, iyo shaqooyinka ka saarista reagent-ka, taasoo ka dhigaysa reagent muhiim u ah habaynta zinc-ka sunta ah ee oxidized lead-ka.
I. Sulphidization iyo kicinta
- Habka falcelinta
Sodium sulphide hydrolyses ayaa biyaha ku jirta si ay u soo saarto ayoonnada S²⁻ iyo HS⁻, kuwaas oo la falgala ayoonnada birta dusha sare ee macdanta zinc-ka rasaasta oksaydhka leh iyada oo loo marayo roobka kala dirida, iyagoo samaynaya filim sulphide hydrophobic ah:
Cerussite:
PbCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → PbS + CO₂ + H₂O (falcelin sawireed; meel-hayaha sawirka)
Smithsonite:
ZnCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → ZnS + CO₂ + H₂O (falcelin sawireed; meel-hayaha sawirka)
Filimka PbS ee la sameeyay waa mid cufan oo deggan, si adag u nuugaya xanthate wuxuuna soo saarayaa rasaas oksaydhaysan oo leh sabeyn u eg sulphide. Filimka ZnS waa mid dabacsan oo u nugul oksaydhaynta iyo kala-goynta; sodium sulphide kaliya kuma filna zinc-ka oksaydhka ah ee sabeynaya, kaas oo u baahan kicinta labaad ee la socota ururiyaha amine ka dib.
- Qiimaha codsiga
La'aanta sodium sulphide, soo kabashada guud ee zinc-ka sunta rasaasta ee oksaydhka leh waa mid hooseeya. Marka si sax ah loo sameeyo sulphid, soo kabashada rasaasta ayaa si weyn u kordheysa. Sulphidization waa shuruud u ah sabbeynta macdanta oksaydhka leh. Dhab ahaantii, sodium sulphide ayaa marka hore lagu daraa sulphidization, ka dibna xanthate si loo helo sabbeynta rasaasta ee la xushay.
II. Niyad-jabka xulashada ah
- Niyad-jabka waxyaabaha aan nadiifka ahayn sida sphalerite iyo pyrite
S²⁻ xad-dhaafka ah ee saxarka ayaa dahaadha dusha sare ee galena, sphalerite, iyo pyrite, taasoo xannibaysa nuugista xanthate waxayna soo saartaa saameyn niyad jab leh.
Marxaladda sabbeynta rasaasta badan, qiyaas dhexdhexaad ah oo sodium sulphide ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu dhaqaajiyo oo keliya rasaasta oksaydhka leh; xad-dhaafka ah wuxuu hoos u dhigaa rasaasta isagoo si xooggan u niyad-jabinaya sphalerite-ka aasaasiga ah, sidaas darteedna wuxuu gaarayaa kala-soocidda zinc-lead.
Marxaladda sabbeynta zinc-ka, dabada rasaasta waa in si fiican loo dhaqo si loo yareeyo heerka sodium sulphide ee harsan loona baabi'iyo niyad-jabka, ka hor inta aan la isticmaalin ururiyaha amine si loo soo celiyo zinc-ka. - Xeerarka qiyaasta
Qiyaasta aan ku filnayn: filim sulphide ah oo khafiif ah oo aan dhammaystirnayn, soo kabashada rasaasta oo hooseysa.
Qiyaasta dhexdhexaadka ah: firfircooni buuxda oo ah sunta rasaasta oksaydhka leh iyo hoos u dhac dhexdhexaad ah oo ku yimaada sphalerite, kala soocida ugu fiican.
Qiyaasta xad-dhaafka ah: S²⁻ dheeraad ah wuxuu hoos u dhigaa sunta rasaasta oksaydhka leh iyo sphalerite, taasoo keenta in soo kabashada sunta rasaasta iyo zinc ay si weyn hoos ugu dhacdo.
III. Qaboojinta saxarka
- hagaajinta pH
Hydrolysis-ka sodium sulphide wuxuu keenaa xal alkaline ah oo xooggan, isagoo si dabiici ah u ilaalinaya pH-ga saxarka heerka ugu wanaagsan ee 8.5–11. Deegaanka alkaline-ku wuxuu ka hortagaa kala-goynta oksaydhka ee filimka sulphide-ka, isagoo xoojinaya xasilloonida sulphidization. - Haa, xakamaynta
Aayooyinka sulfide-ka ee yareeya waxay hoos u dhigaan awoodda oksaydhka ee saxarka, taasoo ka hortagaysa joojinta oksaydhka ee filimka PbS. Macdanta aadka u oksaydhka leh, xaddi gaar ah oo sodium sulphide ah waa in la ilaaliyaa iyadoo ah wakiil yareeya. - Roobabka ion-yada birta culus ee waxyeelada leh
Ayoonada Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, iyo Fe³⁺ ee ku jira saxarka si aan kala sooc lahayn ayay u hawlgeliyaan macdanta gangue, taasoo yaraynaysa xulashada. S²⁻ waxay soo saartaa ayoonadan sida sulphides, iyadoo meesha ka saaraysa faragelinta waxayna yaraynaysaa isticmaalka walxaha aan loo baahnayn. - Kala firdhinta slime
Badeecadaha hydrolysis-ka alkaline-ka ayaa si tartiib ah u kala firdhiya xabagta khafiifka ah, iyagoo yareynaya dahaarka dusha sare ee macdanta bartilmaameedka ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo xabagta.
IV. Ficil niyad-jab/ka-saarid
Marka la soo saaro isku-darka isku-dhafka ah ee lead-zinc-oksaydhaysan, xaddi badan oo sodium sulphide ah ayaa lagu dari karaa xoog badan. S²⁻ si tartan ah ayay xanthate-ka ku milmaysa ugu kala firdhisaa dusha macdanta, iyadoo si fiican looga saarayo ururiyaha. Ka dib marka la dhaqo oo la celiyo, sulphidization-ka iyo kala-soocidda la sameeyay ayaa la mariyaa si loo xalliyo isku-dhafka zinc-ka ee qufulan. Tan waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa wareegyada isku-dhafka ah ee isku-dhafka ah ee oksijiinta-sulfide ee isku-dhafan.
V. Kala duwanaanshaha dhaqanka ee sodium sulphide ee macdanta rasaasta iyo zinc
- Rasaasta Oxidized (cerussite) – waxay sameysaa filim PbS cufan; sodium sulphide dhexdhexaad ah ayaa ku filan sabbaynta xasilloon; xad-dhaafka kaliya wuxuu sababaa niyad-jab. Ku habboon sabbaynta rasaasta badan ee ku salaysan xanthate.
- Zinc oxidized (smithsonite) – waxay sameysaa filim ZnS ah oo dabacsan; sodium sulphide kaligeed ma sabbeyn karto. Sodium sulphide waxay u adeegtaa oo keliya sidii daaweyn hore, waxaana loo baahan yahay ururiyayaal cationic ah sida octadecylamine ama dodecylamine. Soodiyam sulphide-ka haray wuxuu si xooggan u dejiyaa sabbeynta zinc-ka oksaydhka leh.
VI. Talooyinka muhiimka ah ee ku saabsan dhaqanka warshadaha
- Kala qaybi isku darka: ku dar labadaba marxaladda shiididda iyo sabeynta qallafsan si loo dheereeyo waqtiga taabashada sulphidization.
- Dabada sabbeynta rasaasta waxay u baahan yihiin milmid iyo dhaqid si loo yareeyo soodhiyam sulphide-ka haray ka hor sabbeynta zinc-ka.
- Macdanta dhoobada sare leh ee aadka u oksaydhsan, ku dar walxaha yareeya (budada birta) iyo kuwa kala firdhiya (sodium hexametaphosphate) si aad u xasiliso filimka sulphide-ka.
Waxyeellooyinka: soo saarista gaaska ukunta ee sunta ah (H₂S) - hawo-qaadis ayaa loo baahan yahay; walxaha xad-dhaafka ah ayaa ku daraya kharash; heerarka sulfide-ka biyaha wasakhda ah ayaa ka badan xadka.
Fiiro gaar ah: NaHS, haddii la isticmaalo, si fudud ayay u burburtaa.
Waqtiga boostada: Luulyo-13-2026
