Ka dib markii isticmaalka activator processing macdanta

Ka dib isticmaalka firfircoonida farsamaynta macdanta: Habka sabbeynta, saameynta kordhinta qulqulka macdanta waxaa loo yaqaan 'activation'.Wakiilka loo isticmaalo in lagu beddelo halabuurka dusha macdanta iyo kor u qaadista isdhexgalka ka dhexeeya ururiyaha iyo dusha macdanta waxaa loo yaqaan 'activator'.
Firfircoonida waxa loo qaybin karaa qiyaas ahaan: 1. Dhaqdhaqaaq kedis ah;2. Kahortagista;3. Qiyaame;4. Vulcanization.
1. Dhaqdhaqaaq lama filaan ah
Marka la farsameynayo macdanta birta ah ee aan birta ahayn, dusha macdanta ayaa si iskiis ah ula falgali doonta qaar ka mid ah ayoonnada milixda ee milmi kara inta lagu jiro habka wax lagu shiidi karo.Tusaale ahaan, marka macdanta sphalerite iyo copper sulfide ay wada noolaadaan, qadar yar oo macdan sulfide copper ah ayaa had iyo jeer la ogaysiinayaa galay copper sulfate ka dib markii macdanta.Ionyada Cu2+ ee ku jira slurry waxay la falgalaan dusha sare ee sphalerite si ay u dhaqaajiyaan, taas oo adkeyneysa in la kala saaro naxaasta iyo zinc.Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu daro qaar ka mid ah wakiilada hagaajinta sida lime ama sodium carbonate si ay u soo da'aan, iyo sidoo kale qaar "ion aan lama huraan ah" oo keeni kara firfircooni.
Marka labaad, ka-hor-istaag
Si aad u doorato macdan, ku dar firfircooni si aad u dhaqaajiso.Marka pyrite si daran loo oxidized, sulfuric acid ayaa lagu daraa si ay u milmaan filimka oxide ee dusha sare ee pyrite ka hor inta aan la sabbeyn, oo soo bandhigta dusha cusub, taas oo faa'iido u leh sabbeynta.
saddex.soo kabasho
Waxaa loola jeedaa macdanta horay loo xannibay, sida sphalerite oo lagu xannibay cyanide, waxaana dib loo soo noolayn karaa iyadoo lagu darayo copper sulfate.
Afar.vulcanization
Waxay ka dhigan tahay in marka hore lagu daweeyo birta oksaydhka ah ee sodium sulfide si loo sameeyo lakabka filimka macdanta baaruudda birta ee dusha sare ee macdanta oksaydhka, ka dibna sabbeynta xanthate.
Dib-u-hagaajinta macdanta ee loo isticmaalo hawl-wadeeno ahaan waa:
Sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, sodium sulfide, copper sulfate, oxalic acid, lime, sulfur dioxide, nitrate lead, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, cusbada hogaanka, cusbada barium, iwm.